{"id":1286,"date":"2024-05-22T10:08:04","date_gmt":"2024-05-22T08:08:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/coopreneur.top\/?page_id=1286"},"modified":"2024-05-22T10:08:04","modified_gmt":"2024-05-22T08:08:04","slug":"our-own-fertilizer","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/coopreneur.no\/index.php\/en\/our-own-fertilizer\/","title":{"rendered":"Our own fertilizer"},"content":{"rendered":"

We ourselves produce fertiliser every day -which, if properly composted, constitutes a constant supply for our ecological market garden\/private garden, and without any danger to our health.\u00a0 <\/em>[1]<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/em>[1]<\/strong><\/a> \u00a0\u201cA market garden<\/u><\/strong> is the relatively small-scale production of fruits, vegetables and flowers as cash crops, frequently sold directly to consumers and restaurants. The diversity of crops grown on a small area of land, typically from under 0.40 hectares (4,000 m2<\/sup>; 1 acre) to some hectares (a few acres), or sometimes in greenhouses, distinguishes it from other types of farming.<\/p>\n

A market garden is a business that provides a wide range and steady supply of fresh produce through the local growing season. Unlike large, industrial farms, which practice monoculture and mechanization, many different crops and varieties are grown and more manual labour and gardening techniques are used.<\/p>\n

The small output requires selling through such local fresh produce outlets as on-farm stands, farmers’ markets, community-supported agriculture subscriptions, restaurants and independent produce stores. Market gardening and orchard farming are closely related to horticulture, which concerns the growing of fruits and vegetables. \u201c (Wikipedia<\/a><\/strong><\/span>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Manure<\/td>\n% Moisture<\/td>\n% Nitrogen<\/td>\n% Phosphorus<\/td>\n% Potassium<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Human<\/td>\n66-80<\/td>\n5-7<\/td>\n3-5,4<\/td>\n1-2,5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Cattle<\/td>\n80<\/td>\n1,7<\/td>\n1,1<\/td>\n0,56<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Sheep<\/td>\n68<\/td>\n3,8<\/td>\n1,9<\/td>\n1,3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Hen<\/td>\n56<\/td>\n6,3<\/td>\n5,9<\/td>\n3,3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Hentet fra Joseph Jenkins (2019:87): The Humanure Handbook. Opprinnelig fra Harold B. (1956) -Sanitary Dispoal and Reclamation of Organic Wastes. pp 35,37,40 World Health Organisation, Monograph Series Number 31. Geneva.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Advantages of ecological sanitation. Maize trial with human urine and use of compost with human manure (faeces and urine) <\/strong>(GTZ)<\/strong><\/span> [1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

[1]<\/strong><\/a> \u00a0The GTZ-ecosan Programme \u2013 aspects of knowledge management and networking (2006). See also GTZ Ecosan Approach<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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East vs West-in a historical perspective<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/em>\u201cFlushing the water closet wreaks ecological havoc, deprives agricultural soils of essential nutrients and makes food production dependent on fossil fuels.<\/em><\/p>\n

..<\/em> Thanks to the application of human \u201cwaste\u201d products as fertilizers to agricultural fields, the East managed to feed a large population without polluting their drinking water.<\/em>\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

At the turn of the twentieth century in the East, the water in Chinese rivers was safe to drink. The Chinese were as numerous as the Americans and Europeans at the time, and they had large, densely populated cities, too. The difference was that they maintained an agricultural system that was based on human \u201cwaste\u201d as a fertilizer. Stools and urine were collected with care and discipline, and transported over sometimes considerable distances. They were mixed with other organic waste, composted and then spread across the fields.<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/em>That\u2019s killing two birds with one stone: no pollution of drinking water, and an agricultural system that could have lasted forever. In fact, it did last 4,000 years..\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/em>Kris De Decker (September 15, 2010): Recycling Animal and Human Dung is the Key to Sustainable Farming<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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Ecological sanitation <\/strong><\/span>(United Nations Development Programme\/ Swedish International Development Cooperation)<\/p>\n

\u00abEcological sanitation offers an alternative to conventional sanitation, and it attempts to solve some of society’s most pressing problems: infectious disease, environmental degradation and pollution, and the need to recover and recycle nutrients for plant growth. In doing so, ecological sanitation helps to restore soil fertility, conserve freshwater and protect marine environments \u2013which are sources of water, food and medicinal products for people.<\/em><\/p>\n

In the alternative approach to sanitation \u2014ecological sanitation\u2014 excreta are processed on site, and if so required off site, until completely free from pathogens and inoffensive. ..Ecological sanitation (..) is a different way of thinking: a \u201cclosed-loop-approach\u201d to sanitation<\/strong>, in which the nutrients in excreta are returned to soil instead of water or deep pits.<\/em><\/p>\n

In ecological sanitation systems no water, or very little water, is required. It is thus very appropriate for areas with water shortages or irregular water supplies. It is a decentralised system, based on household and community management, and the need to invest in large-scale infrastructure and operate centralised institutions is drastically reduced. Fewer sewers and deep pit latrines will reduce the risk of pollution of ground and surface water.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

Steven A. Esrey Ingvar Andersson Astrid Hillers Ron Sawyer; UNDP\/SIDA (2001:1,3-4): CLOSING THE LOOP. Ecological sanitation for food security<\/a> <\/strong><\/span>(emphasise added)<\/span><\/p>\n

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Joseph Jenkins\u2019 take on human manure<\/span> [1]<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

[1]<\/strong><\/a> \u00a0If not otherwise indicated, based on Joseph Jenkins (2019): The Humanure Handbook, and from the same author: The Compost Toilet Handbook (2021).<\/h6>\n<\/div>\n

To describe human excreta, Joseph Jenkins coined the term \u2018humanure\u2019:<\/p>\n

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Humanure (human manure) <\/u><\/em><\/strong>is human fecal material and urine recycled for agricultural purposes via thermophilic composting #<\/b>\u00a0<\/span>Humanure contains valuable soil nutrients that enhance plant growth.. When recycled by composting, pollution and health threats associated with human excrement can be eliminated.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

# <\/b><\/span>Involving thermophilic bacteria that thrives above 45\u00b0C\u2026If temperatures rise above 160\u00b0 F (71\u00b0 C), the compost can sterilize itself, killing off the beneficial microorganisms. (https:\/\/compost.css.cornell.edu\/Factsheets\/FS5.html<\/a><\/strong><\/span>)<\/p>\n

A compost toilet<\/u><\/strong> collects human faeces, urine and toilet paper for recycling. It is not a device for waste management -for sewage-, such as a flush toilet. When something is recycled it is not thrown away and is not “waste” (that’s why we call it ‘human manure’ as opposed to ‘human waste’).<\/p>\n

Composting<\/u><\/em><\/strong>is the managed, aerobic <\/em>[in the presence of oxygen] decomposition of organic material in such a manner that it develops internal biological heat. It is the feeding of humanure, food scraps, and other organic materials to invisible organisms such as beneficial bacteria. <\/em>[2]<\/em><\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

[2]<\/strong><\/a> As organisms decompose waste, they generate heat. Decomposition is most rapid when the temperature is between 90\u00b0 and 140\u00b0 F (32 – 60\u00b0 C). Below 90\u00b0 F (32\u00b0 C), the process slows considerably, while above 140\u00b0 F (60\u00b0 C) most microorganisms cannot survive. https:\/\/compost.css.cornell.edu\/Factsheets\/FS5.html<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cHot composting involves building a compost pile (..) which is at least one cubic metre in size, any less than this and it wont be able to generate the heat required to break down the organic matter and kill off pathogens (bad bugs) in the desired time frame\u201d (https:\/\/goodlifepermaculture.com.au\/make-hot-compost\/<\/a><\/strong><\/span>)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Some basics on composting<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201c<\/strong><\/p>\n

There are two things that all composting methods have in common,<\/p>\n